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A relational database is a type of database management system (DBMS) that organizes and stores data in a structured manner, using a tabular format with rows and columns. In a relational database, data is organized into tables, and these tables are related to one another through keys or common attributes. This type of database is based on the principles of the relational model, which was developed by Edgar F. Codd in 1970.
Here are some key characteristics and concepts associated with relational databases:
SQL databases, also known as Relational Databases, store data in structured tables with predefined schemas. Each table consists of rows and columns, and data is organized in a tabular format.
Each table typically has a primary key, which is a unique identifier for each row in the table. Primary keys ensure data integrity and provide a way to uniquely identify and retrieve specific records.
Tables can be related to each other using keys. The relationships between tables enable the creation of complex and structured data models. The most common types of relationships are one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
SQL databases are known for enforcing data integrity through the use of schemas, constraints, and relationships. They support ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transactions, ensuring data consistency.
SQL databases use the SQL language for querying and manipulating data. SQL provides a powerful and standardized way to perform complex queries and joins across multiple tables.
SQL databases have a fixed schema, meaning the structure of the data (e.g., table columns and data types) is defined in advance.
SQL databases typically scale vertically, meaning you can increase the database’s capacity by upgrading to a more powerful server.
Examples of SQL databases include: